1) How does Gilroy suggest racial identities are constructed? He has consistently argued that racial identities are historically constructed – formed by colonialization, slavery, nationalist philosophies and consumer capitalism. Gilroy is saying that racism isn’t caused by race, racism causes race. Racism is not caused by the clash of two or more races – racism is not a natural phenomenon. Instead, Gilroy states that racial difference and racial identities are the product of racial oppression. 2) What does Gilroy suggest regarding the causes and history of racism? Racial identities are caused by historical conflicts that have brought different groups into opposition. That is not to say that there were no human differences before historical conflict between different groups; different human groups existed but their differences were not defined by ‘race’ lines. 3) What is ethnic absolutism and why is Gilroy opposed to it? Ethnic absolutism is a line of thinking which sees ...